Paper Analysis Instructional Document about Plagiarism and the Internet

Introduction Instructional documents are a valuable way of passing information to a desired audience. The effectiveness of these documents can be increased or hampered by the choices made in their creation.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Paper Analysis: Instructional Document about Plagiarism and the Internet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Recently, I undertook the task of making an instructional document about plagiarism and the internet with my intended audience being Saudi students. The major aim of the document was to persuade the students to avoid this counterproductive habit in their school work. In this paper, I will analyze the choices in style and content that I made while creating my instructional document on plagiarism. This analysis will include an in depth look at the effectiveness of the format choice, color choice and the tone used in conveying the message. I will also address the les s successful choices that I made in the presentation. This detailed analysis of the instructional document will enable me to review the successful choices that were made and gauge their effectiveness. Things that could have been done to improve the document will also be addressed. Successful Choices The instructional document was about plagiarism and the aim of the text was to persuade Saudi Students to desist from engaging in this practice. As a tool of persuasion, the document appealed to the desire by students to succeed. It did this by stressing on the seriousness of plagiarism and highlighting the negative outcomes of plagiarism such as; expulsion from school and a bad reputation for the student for the rest of their education and careers. In Saudi Arabia, success is greatly valued and a student who succeeds is seen as having brought pride and glory to his family. The student who fails on the other hand brings shame to his family. The document goes on to remind the student that ignorance of plagiarism is not an excuse for engaging in this activity. As such, the student who plagiarizes by mistake will still face the harsh consequences. Throughout the paper, orange and red have been used as the background color. This is significant since in Saudi Arabia, the colors orange and red are used to represent danger. By using these colors in the instructional document, the audience is reminded of the gravity of the matter and the danger that can arise from engaging in plagiarism. Naturally, Saudi students are socialized to avoid unnecessary dangers at all time. The use of orange and red all through the document reminds the students that the subject matter is grave and therefore due attention should be given.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It can therefore be expected that the students took the instructional document seriously. The theme colors used is con sistent all through the presentation. This is a successful choice since it gives the paper a uniform feel. The audience is therefore not distracted as would be the case if each slide had a different color theme. Without these distractions, it can be assumed that the audience is able to pay closer attention to the message that is being communicated through the presentation. A major factor in effective communication is presenting information in a manner that is relevant to the audience. The information presented in the instructional document is concise and easily understood. For example, the paper makes use of short sentences whose meaning is easily understood by the students. This is a significant strength since the audience can at a glance get the message that is being communicated. The use of bullets in some of the pages enhances the readability of the document therefore making it an efficient communication tool. My text formatting in the document therefore enhanced the ability of the document to achieve its role of persuading students against plagiarism. The document made very good use of images to enhance the message being communicated. To begin with, the first page made use of a Mosque which is a very significant symbol in Saudi Arabia. The use of this religious image was very helpful in persuading the students not to engage in plagiarism since Islam is the foundation of the Saudi community. The document appeals to the religious basis since Islam does not approve of practices such as plagiarizing. Another image used is in the fourth slide, which has a background with the letter â€Å"F†. For many educational institutes, â€Å"F† is the grade that represents a fail. This image is used on the same page where the consequences of plagiarism are being discussed. By using this background, the audience is reminded of the fact a common consequences of plagiarism is failing in the course. The students are therefore persuaded to avoid plagiarizing or f ace the risk of attaining the â€Å"F† grade in their courses. The tone used to pass information is very important since it influences the readiness of the audience to receive the information. The attitude of the audience towards the message can also be impacted by the tone used. In my instructional document, I used a solemn but respectful tone. Respect is of great importance in the Saudi Arabian culture and one is expected to be respectful to others at all time. By using a respectful tone and decent language, the students in Saudi Arabia are more likely to abide by the information given in the document. The tone used by the paper is also confident which means that the information given can be taken to be true. Even so, a stern tone is adopted which helps to stress the sobriety of the information being given. The students being communicated to will therefore know that the subject matter (plagiarism) is to be treated with great seriousness.Advertising We will write a cust om critical writing sample on Paper Analysis: Instructional Document about Plagiarism and the Internet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The choice in text font is also used to increase communication effectiveness. The document does not make use of any fancy font so as to denote the seriousness of the message being communicated. The font face used for the text throughout the presentation is Times New Roman which is a fairly formal font. The Audience is therefore made to realize that the matter being discussed is of a serious nature. If a cursive text font had been used, the serious nature of the subject may not have been communicated effectively as it was in this case. All the slides contain some words in Arabic which are warning students to refrain from plagiarism. This use of Arabic is effective in reaching out to the Saudi students, most of whom are familiar with the language. It also adds emphasis to the English text in persuading the students not to engage in plagiarism. Less Successful Choices While the document properly serves its purpose in advising against plagiarism, there were not very successful. The first choice is that the document did not make use of the image of the mosque as efficiently as it should have. Having an image of the mosque in every slide would have made the message more effective since it would have reinforced the fact that Islam prohibits plagiarism. Islam is an integral factor in Saudi society and the religion holds great influence in many faucets of the Saudis lives. This fact should have been better used to increase the changes of the paper persuading the students even more. Another less successful choice in the presentation is in the use of transition effects. The document lacks any animation or transition effects. While this has the advantage of ensuring that the students are not unnecessarily distracted from the message being communicated, the presentation may be unappealing fo r the students. Lack of transitions also means that the student can read the contents of an entire slide at a glance. This is a disadvantage when the presentation is being made by a speaker in person. Use of transitions and animations would have made the instructional document even more engaging for the students hence increase its effectiveness. Conclusion In this paper, I set out to analyze the choices in style and content that I made while creating my instructional document on plagiarism. It has been noted that images such as the Mosque and the letter â€Å"F† have been used to convey messages to the students. The color orange has also been exploited to enhance the sobriety of the subject matter.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From the analysis done herein, I can conclude that I reached the Case Goal in my instructional document. Even so, this analysis has enabled me to discover that there are things that I could have done to make the paper even more effective in its persuasion efforts. This critical writing on Paper Analysis: Instructional Document about Plagiarism and the Internet was written and submitted by user Evie M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Way essays

The Way essays Tao means the way. It is basically indefinable. It has to be experienced. It refers to a power, which envelops, surrounds and flows through all things, living and non-living. The Tao regulates natural processes and nourishes balance in the Universe. It embodies the harmony of opposite, in other words there would be no love without hate, no light without dark, no male without female. According to the Tao Te Ching, it is the first principle of the universe, the all-embracing reality from which everything else arises. The Tao cannot be defined in words and is not an idea or concept. Chuang-tzu said, It may be attained but not seen. Its presence is everywhere, not as a spiritual being, but as the basic stuff which all things have been issued. It gives life to all living beings and maintains them with no likes or dislikes. The back of our textbook puts it best: Accept what is in front of you without wanting the situation to be other than it is. Study the natural order of things and work with it rather than against it, for to try to change what is only sets up resistance. Nature provides everything without requiring payment or thanks, and also provides for all without discrimination. In other words: Simply be. Classical Taoist philosophy, formulated by Lao Tsu, the anonymous editor of the Tao Te Ching, and Chuang-tzu, was a reinterpretation and development of an ancient nameless tradition of nature worship and divination. Lao Tsu and Chuang-tzu, living at a time of social disorder and great religious skepticism, developed the notion of the Tao as the origin of all creation and the force, unknowable in its essence but observable in its manifestations, that lies behind the functionings and changes of the natural world. They saw in Tao and nature the basis of a spiritual approach to living. This, they believed, was the answer to the burning issue of the day: what is the basis of a stable, unified, and e ...

Absolute Thresholds and Differential Thresholds

Thus, the differential threshold is a relative concept. Weber’s law (1834) states the positive relation between the first stimulus and the second stimulus. The greater the initial stimulus, the stronger the additional intensity need for the second stimulus to be perceived as different. Absolute thresholdDifferential threshold Amount of stimulusOne stimulusTwo stimuli MeasurementDistance between stimulus and nothingDistance between two stimuli Compare between absolute threshold and differential threshold, absolute threshold just include one stimulus while differential threshold include two. In measurement, absolute threshold measures the distance between stimulus and nothing while differential threshold measures the distance between two stimuli. As I am a marketing student, therefore, the first thing which comes to my mind when I am trying to start off with this piece of journal is that, do these differences between the two thresholds matter with marketers’ marketing strategies? And after I do some research on the internet and with my personal experience, I am quite sure that it does matter. The importance of two thresholds can be different to marketers under different situations. Absolute thresholdDifferential threshold Advertising ElementsExposure, Size, ColorAdvertising quality PeopleInvolvement, motivation, attention, attitude Concerning advertising elements, absolute threshold focuses on exposure, size, color, etc to attract target customers’ attention while differential threshold focuses on the advertising quality appear to customer in order for them to percept the different between those. These two thresholds are based on different people and are closely related to their involvement, motivation, attention, attitude on the particular good or service. So different people will have different threshold when percept the same object. When a firm launches a new product or a new brand emerges in the market, this is when the absolute threshold is more important to marketers. Because absolute threshold measures the minimum intensity that the customers can percept, as the new brand or product probably needs recognitions from them, otherwise poor sales arise. Therefore, the higher the exposures of advertising advance to gain consumers’ attention. On the other hand, the well use of five sensory techniques in the advertising can easier imprint in their mind. When a firm is modifying a product or service (positive improvement or negative change) that either willing or unwilling to let a customer in perceiving the difference, the differential threshold will be considered to be more important. Because differential threshold measure the intensity difference needed between two stimuli before people can perceive, the intensity modify of a product that cause the customer percept or not is what marketers’ concern. For instance, marketers want to know to what degree of a price cut or a bigger meal can be percept by customers, and thus affect their motivation to consume more. On the other hand, marketers want to know to what degree of raise in price or a smaller meal that can’t be precept by customers, or else it will increase the customer’s cost risk and decrease his or her motivation in purchasing. When taking in the consideration in such a negative change, it reminds me with one of my personal experience. As I am a fan of Coca-Cola, I used to drink at least three cans a week and I would save those cans up on my own desk in order to bring those cans for recycling once a week. One day when I was doing the same practice after washing the can and try to put it to the group of cans on my desk, I found out that the can was smaller than those cans that I bought before, and when I took a look on the volume of the Cola, the drink can was cut to 330 ml from 355 ml which indicates a 7 percent reduction in the size of the can. I was kind of shocking that how come a Coca-Cola fan could not recognize such a change in size. After attending the lecture, I know that there is another dimension of sensory discrimination what is known as the â€Å"just noticeable difference† (JND). Weber’s work was applied to marketing by Miller (1962) which states that a 7 percent change in other sizes of similar products is needed before a change is noticed. This implies and explains what I experienced and how the marketers try to apply this theory in their strategic moves. Absolute Thresholds and Differential Thresholds Thus, the differential threshold is a relative concept. Weber’s law (1834) states the positive relation between the first stimulus and the second stimulus. The greater the initial stimulus, the stronger the additional intensity need for the second stimulus to be perceived as different. Absolute thresholdDifferential threshold Amount of stimulusOne stimulusTwo stimuli MeasurementDistance between stimulus and nothingDistance between two stimuli Compare between absolute threshold and differential threshold, absolute threshold just include one stimulus while differential threshold include two. In measurement, absolute threshold measures the distance between stimulus and nothing while differential threshold measures the distance between two stimuli. As I am a marketing student, therefore, the first thing which comes to my mind when I am trying to start off with this piece of journal is that, do these differences between the two thresholds matter with marketers’ marketing strategies? And after I do some research on the internet and with my personal experience, I am quite sure that it does matter. The importance of two thresholds can be different to marketers under different situations. Absolute thresholdDifferential threshold Advertising ElementsExposure, Size, ColorAdvertising quality PeopleInvolvement, motivation, attention, attitude Concerning advertising elements, absolute threshold focuses on exposure, size, color, etc to attract target customers’ attention while differential threshold focuses on the advertising quality appear to customer in order for them to percept the different between those. These two thresholds are based on different people and are closely related to their involvement, motivation, attention, attitude on the particular good or service. So different people will have different threshold when percept the same object. When a firm launches a new product or a new brand emerges in the market, this is when the absolute threshold is more important to marketers. Because absolute threshold measures the minimum intensity that the customers can percept, as the new brand or product probably needs recognitions from them, otherwise poor sales arise. Therefore, the higher the exposures of advertising advance to gain consumers’ attention. On the other hand, the well use of five sensory techniques in the advertising can easier imprint in their mind. When a firm is modifying a product or service (positive improvement or negative change) that either willing or unwilling to let a customer in perceiving the difference, the differential threshold will be considered to be more important. Because differential threshold measure the intensity difference needed between two stimuli before people can perceive, the intensity modify of a product that cause the customer percept or not is what marketers’ concern. For instance, marketers want to know to what degree of a price cut or a bigger meal can be percept by customers, and thus affect their motivation to consume more. On the other hand, marketers want to know to what degree of raise in price or a smaller meal that can’t be precept by customers, or else it will increase the customer’s cost risk and decrease his or her motivation in purchasing. When taking in the consideration in such a negative change, it reminds me with one of my personal experience. As I am a fan of Coca-Cola, I used to drink at least three cans a week and I would save those cans up on my own desk in order to bring those cans for recycling once a week. One day when I was doing the same practice after washing the can and try to put it to the group of cans on my desk, I found out that the can was smaller than those cans that I bought before, and when I took a look on the volume of the Cola, the drink can was cut to 330 ml from 355 ml which indicates a 7 percent reduction in the size of the can. I was kind of shocking that how come a Coca-Cola fan could not recognize such a change in size. After attending the lecture, I know that there is another dimension of sensory discrimination what is known as the â€Å"just noticeable difference† (JND). Weber’s work was applied to marketing by Miller (1962) which states that a 7 percent change in other sizes of similar products is needed before a change is noticed. This implies and explains what I experienced and how the marketers try to apply this theory in their strategic moves.

The Aim of Business Policy and Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Aim of Business Policy and Strategy - Essay Example For a company to offer quality services, it ought to lay down a framework that is going to make the company more proactive in decisions making and ensure good bright future of the firm. The company strategic vision is to offer exemplary high-quality transport services at affordable prices. For an enterprise to be functional, it ought to develop ways that are going to ensure that it is guaranteed to win the competition in services delivery. Enterprises have to develop mechanisms that are going to ensure it responds to dynamic eternal changes amicably for it to pursue its mission. The corporate strategy of a company ought to spell out the goals that are major all its priorities, the plan of events and the course of action throughout a certain period. Many transport companies tend to focus on offering only one service; transport of goods and services. A company corporate strategy ought to be based on the design, by majorly focusing on the young and beginners for services. Therefore, the growth strategy of a company should focus on diversifying its services to incorporate postally and care hire services intended to meet the diverse needs of people. The major hitches that any enterprise business will tend to face throughout its operations are competition, resources and the necessary capabilities. The corporate world is one of the most volatile areas of the economy that are had to operate without skill and, therefore, requires deliberate courses of actions. However, such challenges can be overcome by developing viable strategic plans that are going to spell out al l the courses of action to overcome them.

Perspective Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Perspective - Research Paper Example may not necessarily be the main deciding factor, but microeconomic principle assumes that all other factors kept constant, as the price of a product goes up, demand for the product declines. Based on pricing, a business can focus with accuracy what consumers will buy and what they will not buy (Mankiw, 62). A planned Economy is an economic system in which it is directed by the state. The central government controls all decisions regarding distribution and production of goods and services. Certified planners come second in that hierarchy by distributing work among the labour force. In a free market economic system, groups seeking their own advantage make decisions pertaining production and pricing. In a Mixed Economy, there exist an assortment of government and free enterprise control, and in some cases, the government may have a monopoly (Peter, 14). (B2B) Business-to-Business is a trade market where one can buy anything at any time with a purpose of saving money and acquiring goods for immediate decision-making. Drawbacks of B2B include; it does not facilitate all types of businesses and possible lack of credit as big businesses my deliberately kill small businesses. Advantages of B2B include; the use of online means reduces cost of running a business, and it facilitates ease of tracing customer details. E-business is a business process that aims to integrate consumers with suppliers via the internet. Advantages of E-business include; worldwide presence, effectiveness in marketing and promotion, better and personalised customer service and ease of development of competitive strategies. Some of its advantages are, costly business solutions and sector limitation in terms of some products being perishable (Iyer). Several factors have influence on business perspective. These factors include economic factors, the economic system and the form of business itself. During business start-ups, it is important to keep these factors in

How Lady Macbeth(TM)s language reveals changes in her role and mental condition Essay Example for Free

How Lady Macbeth(TM)s language reveals changes in her role and mental condition Essay Q: By close reference to the text, show how Lady Macbeths language reveals changes in her role and mental condition. In William Shakespeares Macbeth, the language of Lady Macbeth clearly reflects changes in her role and mental condition throughout the play. At the beginning, Lady Macbeths language is confident and controlled. However, by Act 5 Scene 1, she has undergone a complete transformation of character and is in a pitiful, pathetic condition. Shakespeare uses a variety of literary techniques such as iambic pentameter (or the lack of it), rhetorical devices, powerful imagery and varied sentence lengths to reveal Lady Macbeths disposition at different stages in the play. During Act 1, Lady Macbeths character is imposing and authoritative. This can clearly be seen by analysing her language and speech patterns. Shakespeare highlights the determination and control of her speech through the use of iambic pentameter. Iambic pentameter is a poetic device, wherein each line has 10 syllables with the emphasis on each even syllable. It is used to create a rhythmic quality and to reflect ordinary speech patterns. In addition, iambic pentameter is also a technique of indicating the control and dignity of a character. In the early part of the play, nearly all of Lady Macbeths lines are written in strict iambic pentameter. The lines: (He thats coming) Must be provided for, and you shall put This nights great business into my dispatch, Which shall to all our nights and days to come Give solely sovereign sway and masterdom.1 illustrate the fact that Lady Macbeth is a cunning, shrewd woman, who is in complete control of her mind. The iambic pentameter, coupled with what she actually says, establishes the fact that she is strong and capable character. Shakespeare leads the readers to come to the conclusion that she has the dominant role in the relationship, as she gracefully takes charge of all the decision-making. This is borne out by the content of the lines as well as the sophisticated vocabulary used. These distinctive character traits of Lady Macbeth may well have been inspired by Shakespeares contemporary Queen Elizabeth I, who was also a very commanding and influential entity. Shakespeare also makes use of rhetorical devices to establish Lady Macbeths domineering personality. Rhetorical questions, in particular, are heavily used. These are a speech technique used to persuade someone and sway their mentality. In Act 1 Scene 7, Lady Macbeth uses a ton of rhetorical questions to convince Macbeth to commit the regicide of Duncan. Questions such as: Was the hope drunk/ Wherein you dressed yourself?2, Art thou afeard / To be the same in act and valour / As thou art in desire?3, and What cannot you and I perform upon / Thunguarded Duncan?4 are used to incite Macbeth and make him feel guilty. She is overly vituperative and malicious; accusing him of cowardice by saying things like hes not a man, or that he doesnt truly love her because he isnt keeping his promise to her. The result is that she successfully manipulates Macbeth into doing something that she wants. This confirms the fact that she is an intelligent, influential woman. Another literary device that shows Lady Macbeths evil persona is the strong imagery used in her speech. Imagery is a technique used in literature to make the reader visualise a picture in their minds. The lines: look like thinnocent flower/ But be the serpent undert5 creates a distinct image of trickery and deceit, and gives a clear reflection of Lady Macbeths character. Another piece of effective imagery is the lines: I have given suck and know How tender tis to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn.6 The above lines form a rather disturbing image in our minds, and give us a terrifying indication of Lady Macbeths mental strength. It highlights the malevolence that is inherent in her personality, in addition to her determination and her willingness to make sacrifices. However, the nature of such a statement does provoke one to think seriously about Lady Macbeths sanity. No person in their right mind would kill a child with the brutality that was described, especially not the childs own mother. The lines shown above are one of many subtle hints of flaws in Lady Macbeths character which Shakespeare intelligently incorporates. These serve as inklings towards the total collapse in her character and mental state that is about to follow. In Act 3 Scene 4, the rapid decline of Lady Macbeth begins to take shape. In contrast to the early scenes of the play, her sentences become very short and she seems emotionally exhausted. Earlier, she would make long, influential speeches, which boasted of control and supremacy. This is not the case any more, although she does regain some composure by continuing to speak in iambic pentameter. She is now content to let Macbeth do the bulk of the talking. This indicates a reversal of roles where Lady Macbeth is no longer the dominant partner in the relationship. She is excluded from decision-making, as shown by Macbeths killing of Banquo without even bothering to consult his dearest partner of greatness.7 This scene is quite a significant one, as it marks the turning point of the deterioration in Lady Macbeths role and mental state. By Act 5 Scene 1, the language of Lady Macbeth has completely disintegrated. She is ridden with guilt and remorse, and this clearly affects her conscience immensely. Her psychological weakness at this point is illustrated by the use of prose, as opposed to iambic pentameter. This implies that Lady Macbeth has thoroughly lost all control and power which was typical of her in the first few scenes of the play. Her speech, which now mainly consists of incoherent phrases like: Out, damned spot! Out I say! One, two. Why then tis time to dot. Hell is murky8, lacks the equanimity that she possessed in Act 1. She also uses a lot of imperatives and exclamations like O, O, O,9 which show that she is uneasy and deeply distressed. She dwells over the murders committed by herself and Macbeth, making it obvious that these incidents have been haunting her and causing her much disquiet. All the stress that had been bottled up in her mind is released while she is sleepwalking, and by the end of the scene, she is in a dismal condition, muttering a whole lot of useless drivel. It is no surprise that she later decides to do away with herself, as her body and mind have both crumbled to bits. Lady Macbeths language visibly reflects her role and mental state at different parts of the play. At the start, she is shown to be powerful and domineering which is demonstrated by uses of iambic pentameter, rhetorical devices and strong imagery. She undergoes a steady deterioration and by the end, she is weak and depleted, as reflected by the breakdown of her language. The stark contrast between her mental state at the start and end of the play is clearly demonstrated by comparing two sentences spoken by her at these times: A little water clears us of this deed10 when her hands are covered in blood after the killing of King Duncan, and Here is the smell of blood still, all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this hand11 while she is sleepwalking. The remarkable fall from grace of Lady Macbeth is wonderfully presented by Shakespeare, and plays a big part in the play as whole. Since it was Lady Macbeths ideas and persuasive techniques which led Macbeth to the throne, and set the foundations of his reign; her weakening, and subsequent death, is one of many indicators of Macbeths imminent downfall. Shakespeares use of various literary devices was excellent, and he is able to successfully draw attention to the decline of Lady Macbeth, and its overall significance. 1 Act 1 Scene 5 lines 64-68 2 Act 1 Scene 7 lines 35-36 3 Act 1 Scene 7 lines 39-41 4 Act 1 Scene 7 lines 69-70 5 Act 1 Scene 5 lines 63-64 6 Act 1 Scene 7 lines 54-59 7 Act 1 Scene 5 lines 9-10 8 Act 5 Scene 1 lines 30-31 9 Act 5 Scene 1 line 43 10 Act 2 Scene 2 line 70 11 Act 5 Scene 1 lines 42-43

Free Essays: Symbols in Homers Odyssey :: Homer Odyssey Essays

The Symbolism of Homer's Odyssey Throughout Homer's The Odyssey, many tangible symbols are used to represent abstract ideas. Each symbol that Homer uses has two meanings. The double meanings of these symbols are used to represent Odysseus and Telemachus as they strive to meet each other. While each symbol has a meaning that represents the growth of Telemachus, each one also represents, by another meaning, the growth and development of Odysseus. When they meet for the first time, the symbols, and the character traits that they represent confluence, and the resemblance between Odysseus and Telemachus becomes complete. One of the main ideas running throughout the Odyssey is the importance of water. It has the power of giving life and quick, safe travel, but it also has the potential to drown you. Water can be considered a paradox in and of itself. While it is good and usually life giving, it also demonstrates how too much of a good thing can bring harm. It brings much harm to Odysseus as he is traveling to Phaeacia, "At Zeus' command the whole sky is heavy with clouds, the sea is seething, squalls from every corner hurtle together. There is nothing now for me but certain death." Everything needs water to live, however Odysseus speaks of water as an agent of death. Water that brings death by excess represents Odysseus, for he is the one that has to suffer all these years, and he is the one that nearly drowns. Odysseus also learns how too much of a good thing, such as wealth or gold, can seriously harm a man. He especially experiences this when he sacks Troy, and gets carried away, anger ing the gods. Henceforth, it is fitting that the excessive side of water represent Odysseus. Life that is brought by water, the water that satisfies souls is the type that represents Telemachus. He is not excessive, and has been in fact humbled by the suitors in their years there. Further, Telemachus has never seen any trouble with the water or the sea, "...sent a following wind through the clear sky to speed them from astern, so that their ship might most speedily complete their journey across the salt sea." The water never hurts Telemachus and always helps him. Telemachus does not get the chance, as his father did, to Perish from his own excesses. Telemachus also has a pure mind and body which is what water embodies.

Negative Self-Image

Negative Self-Image: Orientation Reading in Frankincense by Mary Shelley Frankincense is one of popular science-fiction in the early 19th century. A novel written by Mary Shelley , she is started writing the story when she was eighteen, and the novel was published when she was twenty-one. The first edition was published anonymously in London in 1818. Shelley name appears on the second edition, published in France in 1823. A novel is about Victor Frankincense who try his an unusual scientific experiment.From his experiment, making a gigantic creature that shortly afterwards he fears and he hates. Because of the appearance of this being is scary so then Frankincense's monster become rejected by Frankincense his self and the people. When the monster travel to find a place and people that can accept him the way he is. I read this story especially on Frankincense's monster perspective, I saw there is subjective view on East on characters Sane and her father (Arabian). So I'll choose to an alyze it by Postcolonial approach: Orientation.According to Tyson, as a domain within literary studies, post-colonial criticism is both a subject matter as theoretical framework. Tyson, pig 418) So that main assumptions of postcolonial theory is offering an order to analyze and understand more deeply about the oppression of human beings the same with other theories such as feminism, Marxism. The studies was marked by appearance of the book Orientation by Edward Said in 1978. Orientation by Edward Said is a canonical text of cultural studies in which he has challenged the concept of orientation or the difference between east and west. Khalid's 2011, www. Renaissance. Com) Said argues that Orientation can be found in current Western depictions of â€Å"Arab† cultures as irrational, menacing, untrustworthy, dishonest, anti-Western and most importantly prototypical. Orientals discourse discuss and criticize that East is something more inferior than West. The West spread their ide ology about East widely through media, discipline, law, technology, and so on to show that they are superior that the East. European (colonizer) teach continuously their cultural value to the colonized people that they considers colonized people have no culture.In addition, there also in some literature is often concerned with colonization and imperialism. â€Å"Orientation rescaling texts which, while their form, content, aims, genre, and disciplining origins may be widely divergent, still work with negative, stereotyped or unexamined†. (Child's and Williams â€Å"post-colonial theory', pig 115) In Shelley Frankincense, although she offend the East in briefly period through character Sane and her father. I think it can be caused large influence for the reader when realize about Eastern culture is so primitive and cruel.Sane describe as a passive Arabian women, who clearly dependent on her religion and the culture of her nation. In the â€Å"third-world†, feminist ide ology is shown less to the woman because hat is subordinated by patriarchal system which is ingrained in their culture and power in their country. Can be seen the difference between sane and European community, when she was involved in much pressure from patriarchal system ( her father ) and system in her society ( Arab ). But Cane's action show that she does not like her family tradition and religion of her time.Political, cultural, and Arabian religion shaping her mind increasingly to pay attention to the domestic ideology of the European. When the monster tell the story about Cane's mother is a Christian Arab who were taken as a slave by the Turkish because of her beautiful Cane's father marry her. She teach Sane about kindness of being Christianity and forbid Sane to follow Muhammad thought. We can see in this sentence â€Å"She instructed her daughter in the tenets of her religion, and taught her to aspire to higher powers of intellect, and an independence of spirit, forbidden to the female to followers of Mohamed. Page 127) My opinion about this statement is clearly viewed that negative image or a stereotyped of Muhammad thought as primitive teaching and many oppression to the woman. Cane's love to Felix is also a symbol that Safe already has been in love to another culture and religion. We can see in Frankincense page 127 â€Å"The prospect of marrying Christian and remaining in a country where women are allowed to take a rank in society, was enchanting her†. This is the implication of cultural colonization which is the colonizer thought about colonized has not the high uncivilized like them.And also, Cane's father described as a cruel Arabian man through his action that are untrustworthy, dishonest, and anti-Western. Associated with the opinion of Said † One would find kind of procedure less objectionable as a lattice propaganda which is what it is, of course were it not accompanied by sermons on the objectivity, the fairness, the imparti ality of real historian, the implication always being that Muslims and Arabs cannot be objective but that Orientations†¦ â€Å".In Monster's perspective, Cane's father become the cause of the ruin of De Lackey's family life. There also subjective view about Turkish man that they are bad people. (chapter 14) Begin from Felix is falling in love with Sane, and her father was caged because of his fault to the France government. Then Felix come to save ether of Safe in order to marry Sane, because Cane's father already promise to Felix to married off Sane and Felix. But actually father of Sane does not allow that his daughter live together with Felix.So that when Felix save his life, he make a plan to take his daughter to come back to their native country. We can see in â€Å"The Turks allowed this intimacy to take place and encouraged the hopes of the youthful lovers he loathed the idea that his daughter should be united to a Christian; if he should choose to betray him to the It alian state which they inhabited. (Frankincense, g 128) The monster, it's self also a symbol of colonized people. Said explains â€Å"how the science of the orientation developed and how the Orientals started considering the Orientals as non-human beings. ( Khalid's,2011. Winnipesaukee. Com ) I think when the monster is rejected from Victor and other people (colonizer) because his scary body and face, different from other (colonized), it's implied colonizer refuse that non-western include into human beings. At first, the monster born with no education and culture, I also think that it is the gap that was created, which is the colonized ere barbarians who had no civilization, does not have system of government, religion, and customs.Thus the monster studying language from France family, and also reading book from white people, this is the implied meaning of colonizer had high civilization. A brief conclusion, Orientals were come in 19th by Edward Said, and he also argues that Orient ation is a critics to reject the long tradition about the Western is more superior than the Eastern. In Frankincense written by Mary Shelley, there some Orientals issues that appear in, the â€Å"concept of tethering† and negative elf-image of the Western way of thinking about Eastern which put Eastern as an object.

Cialis Case

Cialis I. Problem: In this case, the main issue at hand is to decide an effective marketing strategy for the introduction of new product, Cialis by the joint venture Eli Lilly and ICOS. This strategy will help to recognize a target market and also the future marketing endeavors necessary to have competitive positioning in the market amongst Cialis’s main competitors, Pfizer and Bayer. Cialis has to choose among the alternatives: beat, niche and compete. II. Alternatives: 1) Follow Beat Strategy by differentiating its product from competitors by emphasizing on its duration i. . 36 hours, targeting men suffering from Erectile Dysfunction (ED) + Existing customer base + Can convince existing, new users and dropouts that it is a superior product + Customers can wait for right moment + Better onset time and duration + Doesn’t have blue vision side effect that happens in case of Viagra + Can convince Primary Care Physicians (PCP) and urologists of its benefits – Higher sales force needed to compete with Viagra’s effective sales force team of 30000 – Not safe with nitrates Time on Market is 0 compared to Viagra’s 5 years so Viagra has better brand reputation 2) Follow Niche Strategy by targeting Viagra dropouts estimated to be around 6-7 million as compared to Viagra’s current users i. e. 3 million + Can demand high price + The number of Viagra dropouts can grow with the launch and success of Cialis + Easy to focus target market – Low market share in total Erectile Dysfunction (ED) market – Difficult to convince users who have lost faith in similar product i. e.Viagra – Not safe with nitrates 3) Follow Compete Strategy and go head-to-head with Viagra’s positioning + Existing customer base + Alternative means to attract customers such as by convincing partners and people who think it will go away + Better onset time and duration – Not safe with nitrates – Difficult to convince ex isting users of Viagra – Difficult to convince physicians to prescribe Cialis – Higher sales force needed to compete with Pfizer’s effective sales force team of 30000 III. Recommendation:I suggest that Cialis should adopt the â€Å"beat† marketing strategy focusing on its high duration i. e. 36 hours to make it a differentiated product in the market. On conducting the need and performance analysis of key buying factors, the aforementioned strategy best suits for the product introduction. While there are drawbacks to this decision such as Viagra’s already developed brand reputation and fact that Cialis is not safe with nitrates, I believe that Cialis can successfully overcome these issues through its competitive pricing which can be similar to that of Viagra’s i. . $10 so that target customers can get more benefits (such as choosing the right moment for sexual intercourse) at the same price. Cialis should spend significant amount on initial p romotion of its new product through TV advertisement featuring famous personality (actor, politician, sportsmen), radio, social media and word of mouth. It also needs a high sales force (to compete with Pfizer’s effective sales force team of 30000) who can pitch the product initially in US and Europe where there is strong target market base and later on extend its focus on other countries.

History of Microscopes

History of Microscopes A microscope  is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen easily by the naked eye. There are many types of microscopes. The most common is the  optical microscope, which uses  light  to image the sample. Other major types of microscopes are the  electron microscope, the  ultramicroscope and the various types of  scanning probe microscope. Early Years Circa 1000 AD: The first vision aid was invented (inventor unknown)  and was called a reading stone. It was a glass sphere that magnified when laid on top of reading materials.Circa 1284: Italian inventor  Salvino DArmate is credited with inventing the first wearable eyeglasses.1590: Two Dutch eyeglass makers, Zaccharias Janssen, and son Hans Janssen experimented with multiple lenses placed in a tube. The Janssens observed that objects viewed in front of the tube appeared greatly enlarged, creating both the forerunner of the compound microscope and the telescope.1665: English physicist  Robert Hooke looked at a sliver of cork through a microscope lens and noticed some pores or cells in it.1674: Anton van Leeuwenhoek built a simple microscope with only one lens to examine blood, yeast, insects and many other tiny objects. Leeuwenhoek was the first person to describe bacteria  and he invented new methods for grinding and polishing microscope lenses that allowed for curvatures p roviding magnifications of up to 270 diameters, the best available lenses at that time. 1800s 18th century: Technical innovations improved microscopes, leading to microscopy becoming popular among scientists. Lenses combining two types of glass reduced the chromatic effect, the disturbing halos resulting from differences in refraction of light.1830: Joseph Jackson Lister reduces spherical aberration or the chromatic effect by showing that several weak lenses used together at certain distances provided good magnification without blurring the image. This was the prototype for the compound microscope.1872: Ernst Abbe, then research director of the Zeiss Optical Works, wrote a mathematical formula called the Abbe Sine Condition. His formula provided calculations that allowed for the maximum resolution in microscopes possible. 1900s 1903: Richard Zsigmondy developed the ultramicroscope capable of studying  objects below the wavelength of light. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1925.1932: Frits Zernike invented the phase-contrast microscope that allowed for the study of colorless and transparent biological materials for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1953.1931: Ernst Ruska co-invented the electron microscope for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. An electron microscope depends on electrons rather than light to view an object.  Electrons are speeded up in a vacuum until their wavelength is extremely short, only one hundred-thousandth that of white light. Electron microscopes make it possible to view objects as small as the diameter of an atom.1981: Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer invented the scanning tunneling microscope that gives three-dimensional images of objects down to the atomic level. Binnig and Rohrer won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. The powerful scanning tunnel ing microscope is one of the strongest microscopes to date.

United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009 Assignment

United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009 - Assignment Example The policies have the objective to prevent against the dangerous consequences, which are leading to climatic changes. Climate treaty was made in 1997 addressing the harmful effects of the carbon emission in the climate, which is known as the Kyoto Protocol (Vidal et al., 2009). The treaty was however unapproved by the major economic countries including the United States. It helped the developed countries but the developing countries were not at all happy with the treaty. The developing countries like China and India also opposed to this treaty as 50% reduction in emission will wreck their economy. The nations looked forward for an agreement which will help them to develop their economy and also prevent the harmful effects of emission (International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2009). The United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark from 7th December to 19th December, 2009. It was the conference which included 15th Conference of the Parties (COP 1 5) to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNCCC) and the fifth meeting to the Kyoto Protocol. It is basically the continuation of Kyoto Protocol. It marked the conclusion of the two years negotiating process, which enhanced the international climate change collaboration between the countries. More than 115 world leaders attended the conference along with 40,000 people who are the advisors or the governmental or the non-governmental organizations (International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2009). The conference took place with the aim of addressing the adverse effects of the climatic change that is taking place with the emission of the carbon and green house gases. The developing countries hoped that the Copenhagen Conference will make a fair deal for them by settling the issue of the dangerous climatic changes. But the conference went through a lot of controversies for a week as the developing countries like China and India pointed out that the conferenc e has not been transparent to them. Lot of decisions was made prior to the summit and that news infuriated China. The leakage of the news that European Union has agreed to cut down carbon emission about 50% along with other developed countries. They have completed industrialization so they can afford to cut the emission to that extent. But the developing countries like China, India, etc cannot afford to reduce the emission to that extent because that will bring an end to their economic development. China in alliance with India said that the Copenhagen Conference was held only to make a show off by the European Nations after Kyoto Protocol was opposed by all the developing countries. They even pointed out the fact that the conference aimed at creating a pressure on the developing countries as all the decisions are made before the conference only. United Kingdom (UK) which is the member state of European Union had experienced increase in the carbon emission till 1990 basically due to the extensive manufacture of the short term consumer goods. But with the initiation of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, the government of UK was forced to reduce the emission by 50%. As UK has been a developed country it did not face that much problem in reducing to that extent. In 2009, when the Copenhagen Conference was held they have their own set of mission and vision before coming to the conference which are given below (Anup, 2009). a) Mission of United Kingdom

PERSONAL LETTER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PERSONAL LETTER - Essay Example The entertainment and communication field is not something that I am unfamiliar with since I grew up exposed to the various facets of the field as my mother worked as an editor. I have always dreamed of completing higher studies in this field because of my mothers inspiration. This dream has a solid basis in my internship at Phoenix Satellite Television where I learned the intricacies of film editing and how it applies to the concept of program production. The SI program and internship will only last for one semester and will offer me the opportunity to put my Economics class theories into practice as I work in the highly competitive and notable entertainment offices in Los Angeles. By doing so, I will be able to further hone both my Economics know how and communication ability. After having spoken to my Economics course adviser, I have discovered that it would be highly possible to merge my current studies in economics and the entertainment courses I shall be taking online by seekin g an internship in the accounting or finance departments of music, television, or movie studios. I consider the opportunity to apply for acceptance at SI to be the perfect opportunity to merge my two highly different fields of interest into one. This is a once in a lifetime opportunity that anybody who has the same interests as I would not dare to pass up. I am highly confident that I shall return to our College of Economics a much more rounded and better skilled person because of the opportunities the program offers that are not readily available to simple Economics students. Part of my plan upon my return to our college is to share my new found knowledge and experience with my classmates so that they too may benefit from my more advanced and intricate studies of Economics and Communication in real world applications. Thank you for taking the time to read my